Conservation (DAMP)
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Contents
- In the context of the recent commemoration of 50 years of Project Tiger in India, highlight the challenges encountered in the tiger conservation efforts and outline the steps taken to safeguard them in India.
- In the context of the recent commemoration of 50 years of Project Tiger in India, highlight the challenges encountered in the tiger conservation efforts and outline the steps taken to safeguard them in India.
- Explain the concept of net-zero emissions and its significance in the context of COP26. Outline some measures to achieve net-zero emissions and discuss the potential challenges associated with their implementation.
14-04-2023
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Answer :
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Introduction: Mention briefly about Project Tiger. Body: Write about challenges faced and also government measures for the protection of tigers. Conclusion: Mention the way forward with current context of an increase in the tiger population. |
Answer: Project Tiger is an initiative launched in 1973 in India with the aim of conserving the endangered Bengal tiger. In 2023, there are 54 tiger reserves in India, and the tiger population has grown to over 3,167.
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Challenges encountered in tiger conservation efforts: |
Habitat loss and fragmentation: For example, the expansion of agriculture, mining, and infrastructure development has led to the destruction of tiger habitats, such as the Sariska Tiger Reserve in Rajasthan.
Poaching and illegal wildlife trade: Tiger parts are in high demand in many parts of the world for use in traditional medicines, luxury goods, and as status symbols.
Human-wildlife conflict: 1,065 cases of human-tiger conflict were recorded including injuries and even fatalities. Lack Of funding and resources: As per report by the Wildlife Protection Society of India highlighted the lack of funding for anti-poaching measures in tiger reserves, which puts tigers at risk of poaching and illegal wildlife trade. Climate change: E.g., changes in temperature and rainfall patterns could impact the distribution and abundance of prey species, such as deer and wild pigs, which are critical for tiger survival.
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Significant Measures taken by the government: |
Wildlife Protection Act, 1972: Provides legal protection to wildlife, including tigers. The act prohibits hunting, poaching, and trade of wildlife, and provides for penalties for offenses.
National Tiger Conservation Authority (NTCA): The NTCA is responsible for implementing conservation policies and strategies, and works closely with state governments and other stakeholders.
International cooperation: E.g., India is a member of the Global Tiger Forum, an international organization that works to conserve tigers and their habitats.
Technology-based monitoring: The Indian government has implemented technology-based monitoring systems in tiger reserves, such as camera traps and GPS collars, to track tiger populations and movement patterns.
Eco-development: Aimed at reducing human-wildlife conflict by ensuring availability of prey, water, etc and providing livelihood opportunities through eco-tourism to local communities.
The commemoration of the 50th anniversary of Project Tiger will also serve as an occasion to celebrate India’s rich biodiversity and to recognize the importance of wildlife conservation for the country’s ecological and cultural heritage.
03-04-2023
Answer :
Introduction: Write a brief introduction on either about GoI act 1935 or about Indian constitution.
Body: Highlight features borrowed from GoI act 1935.
Conclusion: Summarizes GoI act 1935’s contribution or conclude with new features that were relevant to India’s unique political context.
Answer: The Government of India Act, 1935 was a crucial legislation that defined the constitutional framework for governance in India during the British colonial period. This Act was instrumental in shaping the political, administrative, and constitutional structure of India. The Indian Constitution borrows heavily from the Act and incorporates several provisions from it.
Features borrowed from Government of India Act 1935:
- Federalism: The idea of federalism and federal structure was adopted from Government of India Act, 1935.
- Bicameralism: The GoI Act 1935, provided for a bicameral legislature consisting of the Council of States (Upper House) and the Legislative Assembly (Lower House).
- Governor: The GoI Act 1935, introduced the position of the Governor, who was appointed by the British Crown as the representative of the monarch. The Indian Constitution also has a Governor who is appointed by the President of India as the representative of the Union.
- Public Service Commissions: The Act established Public Service Commissions at the central and state levels to oversee the recruitment and selection of civil servants. The Indian Constitution also has provisions for the establishment of Public Service Commissions.
- Emergency Provisions: The GoI Act 1935 provided for emergency provisions that could be invoked in times of war or internal strife. The Indian Constitution also has emergency provisions that can be invoked in times of national emergency, internal emergency or financial emergency.
- Judiciary: The GoI Act 1935, established a federal court system, which was adopted by the Indian Constitution. The Supreme Court of India is the highest court in the country, with High Courts at the state level.
- Provincial Autonomy: The Act provided for limited autonomy to the provinces, which was incorporated into the Indian Constitution. The Constitution provides for the formation of state governments with their own legislative and executive powers.
The Government of India Act, 1935, served as a crucial template for the constitutional framework of modern India. The Act, which was enacted during the British colonial period, laid down several important principles of governance, including the concept of federalism, the structure of the legislative and executive branches of government, and the rights and responsibilities of citizens.
30-08-2023
Answer :
In the context of COP26, net-zero emissions aim to achieve a balance between emitted and removed greenhouse gases by reducing emissions and offsetting through removal or compensation.
Significance of Net-Zero Emissions:
- Financial Sector Alignment: The financial sector, through initiatives via Glasgow Financial Alliance for Net Zero (GFANZ), is adopting net-zero commitments and promoting sustainable investments to drive the transition to a greener economy.
- Nature-Based Solutions: For instance, initiatives like the African Forest Landscape Restoration Initiative (AFR100) aim to restore 100 million hectares of degraded land in Africa by 2030, providing both carbon sequestration and sustainable livelihood opportunities for local communities.
- Industry Transformation: Companies like Microsoft, Apple, and Amazon committing to net-zero emissions drive innovation and investment in renewable energy and low-carbon technologies.
- Youth and Civil Society Engagement: Youth movements like Fridays for Future and the Sunrise Movement have urged ambitious climate action, highlighting intergenerational equity and a sustainable future.
- International Collaboration: The Race to Zero campaign (under UNFCCC) facilitates collaboration among cities, businesses, investors, and regions, promoting knowledge sharing and accelerating the transition to net-zero emissions.
Some Measures to achieve Net Zero Emissions Strategy:
- Race To Zero Campaign: It is a global campaign uniting businesses, cities, regions, and investors to accelerate the transition to a decarbonized economy and support the goals of the Paris Agreement.
- Mission Innovation: Mission Innovation is a global initiative of 24 countries and the EU aimed at advancing clean energy innovation, including carbon capture, clean materials, and renewable hydrogen.
- Net-Zero targets: More than 70 countries have promised to become Net Zero by the middle of the century i.e., by 2050. Other nations like China & India have committed that they will turn Net-Zero by 2060 and 2070 respectively.
- Changes to Lifestyle for the Environment (LiFE): LiFE is India’s initiative urging individuals, industries, and governments worldwide to adopt sustainable practices, scale green markets, and implement supportive policies.
- Increased transparency and accountability: The UN formed an Expert Group to enhance standards for netzero commitments by non-State entities and urged them to submit credible transition plans for faster implementation.
- Steps taken by India: India unveiled its Long-Term Low Emission Development Strategy at the UNFCCC conference and initiated the National Hydrogen Mission.
Challenges faced in the implementation of Net-Zero Emission Strategy:
- Common but differentiated responsibility (CBDR): Developing countries argue that the net-zero strategy neglects the principle of CBDR considering historical emissions by developed nations.
- Climate Finance: The failure of developed nations to fulfil their commitment of providing $100 billion annually in climate finance, as pledged under the Paris Agreement, significantly hampers the ability of developing nations.
- Different goals: Various nations have set different targets for achieving Net-Zero emissions, such as G7 by 2050, China by 2060, and India by 2070.
- Issues with this concept: According to IPCC, cumulative emissions rather than reaching net zero is the determining factor in achieving the Paris Agreement. According to Oxfam, these net zero carbon targets may be a distraction from the priority of cutting carbon emissions.
- Issues with the methods: Net-Zero emissions plans depend on unproven technologies like carbon capture and storage and land use practices that may be impractical due to land constraints.
The updated framework, along with government initiatives like tax concessions and the Production Linked Incentive scheme, will boost India’s manufacturing capabilities, exports, and green job opportunities in sectors like renewable energy and clean technologies. This will help India set an example by balancing energy use and climate goals.